This means that the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase you provide to your readers in the text, must be the first thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the corresponding entry in the Works Cited List. Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page.Print, Web, DVD) and (2.) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited (bibliography) page. The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1.) upon the source medium (e.g.This method involves placing relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase. Even brief exposure to accented speech can help listeners improve their comprehension, thereby improving the level of service to international patrons.In MLA style, referring to the works of others in your text is done by using what is known as parenthetical citation. This article recommends developing listening training programs for library faculty and staff, based on research from the linguistics and language teaching fields. In addition to awareness-raising, practicing listening to accented speech has been shown to improve listening comprehension. Use a clear font between 11 and 13 points. Place your parenthetical citation at the end of the block of text, after the final punctuation mark. MLA Formatting: The Basics Double-space all of the text of your paper (including entries within Works Cited).
Note: For quotations that are more than four lines of prose or three lines of verse, display quotations as an indented block of text (one inch from left margin) and omit quotation marks. Gass and Varonis found that “the listener’s familiarity with the topic of discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message” (85). One study found that “the listener's familiarity with the topic of discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message” (Gass and Varonis 85).
Research shows that listening to a particular accent improves comprehension of accented speech in general (Gass and Varonis 143 Thomas 24). Multiple works: (separate each work with semi-colons) Title of Site, Sponsor or Publisher include only if different from website title or. One study found that the most important element in comprehending non-native speech is familiarity with the topic (Gass and Varonis 163). Works Cited List: Author Last Name, First Name. Gass and Varonis found that the most important element in comprehending non-native speech is familiarity with the topic (163). In MLA style the author's name can be included either in the narrative text of your paper, or in parentheses following the reference to the source. Training Strategies for Improving Listeners' Comprehension of Foreign-accented Speech.
"Teaching Native Speakers to Listen to Foreign-accented Speech." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, vol. If future references employ the same edition of the Bible youre using, list only the book, chapter, and verse in the parenthetical citation. Derwing and others conducted their training with students preparing to be social workers, but note that other professionals who work with non-native speakers could benefit from a similar program (258).ĭerwing, Tracey M., et al. Their training techniques are based on the research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to non-native speech. If the source does not use page numbers, do not include a number in the parenthetical citation: (Smith).įor more information on in-text citation, see the MLA Style Center.Ī few researchers in the linguistics field have developed training programs designed to improve native speakers' ability to understand accented speech (Derwing et al. MLA in-text citation style uses the author's last name and the page number from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken, for example: (Smith 163). For every in-text citation in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list. Include an in-text citation when you refer to, summarize, paraphrase, or quote from another source.
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